Research context and placement

The ink targets tissue-mimetic mechanics and vessel training models. It is provisionally foundational because these differ from direct living-tissue contact or repair experiments.

Boundary case: assigned to the closest interface for navigation. Read the rationale and cross-links together; the primary theme does not delimit the study. Placement of foundational work does not establish direct bioelectronic application.

Research overview and key contributions

Salting-out controls ink gelation to enable direct writing of hydrogels with varied stiffness.

It addresses printability–mechanics tradeoffs and demonstrates layered vessel models for suturing and electrocautery training.

Open challenges

Modulus matching does not establish vascular anisotropy, fatigue or thrombosis behavior. Training models do not establish implant performance.

Comparison context

Match salt, temperature, hydration and printing direction; distinguish tensile modulus from pressure-dependent tube deformation.

Related external research

Highly stretchable and tough hydrogels

DOI: 10.1038/nature11409 ↗

Sun provides a network-based account of fracture resistance and dissipation; this paper addresses making desired mechanics printable.

Fracture energy, modulus and print fidelity are distinct; abstract-level toughness is not a printing benchmark.

Abstract checked

Corresponding-author verification

Jungmok Seo: not a corresponding author

This record concerns Jungmok Seo’s correspondence designation. Author order or an asterisk alone is not treated as confirmation; this check is separate from verification of the research content.

  • Correspondence evidence source ↗

    Corresponding Author — Jin-Oh Kim; Corresponding Author — Steve Park

    Complete author information; Jungmok Seo ordinary-author block; local PDF p. 1 · public_publisher_author_information_read

Main-text review scope
Read the publisher abstract and matched local PDF on rheology, artificial vessels and conclusions. Full-text evidence is local_pdf_read; this is not a clinical graft study.
Supplementary review scope
Supplementary-information content was not read in this batch. No completed review beyond the previously stated scope is claimed.
Pending verification
Check supplementary cyclic-loading and shape-retention conditions; retain the distinction between training models and implants.

COVERAGE & OUTREACH

Coverage and outreach

Links are checked for their relationship to this paper. Media publication does not establish independent reporting or additional experimental validation.

No related outreach link was verified against its body within these searches. This does not establish that none exists.

Channel coverage and search log for all 101 records →

Sources and verification scope

Read the publisher abstract and matched local PDF on rheology, artificial vessels and conclusions. Full-text evidence is local_pdf_read; this is not a clinical graft study.