Interconnect–chip and substrate–component junctions. Classification centers on connecting and assembling functional components.

Component integration

Connects deformable wiring to functional components and examines contact resistance, electrical isolation, mechanical compatibility and process compatibility together.

Primary assignments in this theme: 39 · Subthemes are editorial proposals for this library. Title-based classification is distinct from full-text verification.

Joining and protective packaging

Research on assembling compatible component joints, electrical contacts and encapsulation structures. Protection and transport control also span the other themes.

3 papers
1002026Metadata checkedCorrespondence unresolved

Bridging IC chips and deformable circuits: A packaging framework for high-density soft electronics

Materials Science and Engineering R: Reports, 171, 101285 (2026)

Component integrationJoining and protective packaging

The Crossref-confirmed title explicitly concerns IC-chip/deformable-circuit packaging, fitting the interconnect–chip boundary. The complete abstract is unavailable, so specific methods and performance remain unclassified.

0892026Full text checkedJungmok Seo: corresponding author

Mechanically Robust and Anti‐Biofouling Hybrid Encapsulation via Layered Organic–Liquid Interfaces for Implantable Devices

Small, 22(17), e10949 (2026)

Component integrationJoining and protective packaging

Locally read interlayer adhesion, barrier and electrical-insulation evidence fits protective packaging. Acute inflammatory/tissue responses after seven-day subcutaneous implantation support a host cross-link, without establishing chronic biocompatibility.

Sensor and actuator integration

Research centered on connecting sensors, stimulation or actuation elements and circuits into a system. Sensing performance alone does not establish this classification.

5 papers
0782024Full text checkedBoundary caseJungmok Seo: corresponding author

Postoperative Long-Term Monitoring of Mechanical Characteristics in Reconstructed Soft Tissues Using Biocompatible, Immune-Tolerant, and Wireless Electronic Sutures

ACS Nano, 18(19), 12210-12224 (2024)

Component integrationSensor and actuator integration

A chip-free wireless system combines a capacitive fiber sensor, inductive coil and suture fixation. It extends component integration to sensor-system assembly without demonstrating an interconnect–chip junction. Antifouling and tissue fixation provide host and tissue cross-links.

0762024Full text checkedJungmok Seo: corresponding author

Autonomously Self‐healing, Adhesive, and Stretchable Triboelectric Nanogenerator Using Multifunctional Hydrogel‐Elastomer Double Layer with a Power Management Circuit

Advanced Electronic Materials, 10(8), 2400013 (2024)

Component integrationSensor and actuator integration

Joining the hydrogel electrode and elastomer triboelectric layer to a power-management circuit establishes a system-assembly focus. Tissue contact and stretchable conduction are secondary.

0442018Abstract checkedBoundary caseJungmok Seo: not a corresponding author

Electrically Driven Microengineered Bioinspired Soft Robots

Advanced Materials, 30 (10), 1704189 (2018)

Component integrationSensor and actuator integration

Electrode–gel–biological actuator assembly supports functional integration, but the narrow BCCI interconnect–chip junction is not directly established.

Component assembly and fabrication

Research on processes, junction structures and fabrication compatibility for joining different materials and components.

3 papers
0822025Full text checkedJungmok Seo: corresponding author

Large Scale Ultrafast Manufacturing of Wireless Soft Bioelectronics Enabled by Autonomous Robot Arm Printing Assisted by a Computer Vision‐Enabled Guidance System for Personalized Wound Healing

Advanced Healthcare Materials, 14(1), 2401735 (2025)

Component integrationComponent assembly and fabrication

The central process joins electrodes, receiving coils and a soft substrate through different inks. Tissue contact and stimulation provide a secondary connection; placement does not rely on sensing performance alone.

0802024Full text checkedBoundary caseJungmok Seo: corresponding author

Universal hydrogel adhesives with robust chain entanglement for bridging soft electronic materials

npj Flexible Electronics, 8, 39 (2024)

Component integrationComponent assembly and fabrication

Joining dry components and hydrogel–dry interfaces enables assembly of wearable and acute implanted devices. This is an extended component-integration assignment: heterogeneous material assembly extends beyond an interconnect–chip electrical junction.

0652023Full text checkedBoundary caseJungmok Seo: corresponding author

A Review on Microfluidics-Based Impedance Biosensors

Biosensors, 13(1), 83 (2023)

Component integrationComponent assembly and fabrication

Substrate, electrode and channel fabrication/joining motivate a provisional manufacturing placement. Most systems are in vitro microfluidics rather than soft interconnect–component interfaces, so ambiguity is retained.

Foundations · connection under review

A provisional grouping for foundational materials or processes that may connect to this theme. It does not establish theme fit; each paper retains a rationale and ambiguity flag.

28 papers
0992026Full text checkedBoundary caseJungmok Seo: corresponding author

Advances in Wearable Thermoelectric Devices: Strategies for Enhancing Wearability and Performance

Small Science, 6(9), e70402 (2026)

Component integrationFoundations · connection under review

The publisher abstract spans electrical contacts, heat transfer and skin conformity. As no single joining method dominates, retain integration foundations with tissue/routing cross-links and explicit cross-theme ambiguity.

0872025Abstract checkedBoundary caseJungmok Seo: not a corresponding author

A Remotely Actuated Multifunctional Nitinol–PMMA Smart Biocomposite: Microcellular Foaming, Shape Morphing, and Controlled Drug Release

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 17(51), 70047 - 70058 (2025)

Component integrationFoundations · connection under review

This foundational composite combines actuation, foaming and release. The abstract does not verify interconnect–chip or substrate–component joining, so integration is only a provisional foundation.

0362017Abstract checkedBoundary caseJungmok Seo: not a corresponding author

Bioinspired Geometry‐Switchable Janus Nanofibers for Eye‐Readable H2 Sensors

Advanced Functional Materials, 27 (29), 1701618 (2017)

Component integrationFoundations · connection under review

Foundational nonbiological optical gas sensor; sensing performance alone does not establish chip connections or component joining.